Artificial Intelligence - The Legal Issues

Hello. My name is Rachel Poile. I'm from 36. Greek was there was 36. But right now I'm part of the civil team handling diners. Statistics about have been practicing a whole range of civil law. Now one of the areas know that when he talked about today is artificial intelligence. There isn't really such a door, so to speak or present all the four remaining that, strictly speaking, only applied to Jewish detergents. So what is it that they were trying to decide what is artificial intelligence? And secondly, walk? The potential charges could be because, frankly, we don't really know without, really by section. It's a bit more than just It's robots created human beings. It's really not too soon. This is a lot of issues in terms of my pain, a lot of issues into a trademark. There's a lot of issues in relation to he actually liable. If something goes wrong, they become rebel on the breaking down on civilians, sleeping on a cock. Whose responsibility is that? So I'm ready first to deal with the conceptual difficulties just so you know what I mean. By that way, in terms of conceptual difficulties, its history that lawyers are struggling to understand. How machines Because we learn on secondly, develop and dependent behaviors on a scientific level, the outcomes can be unpredictable, such as the Google brain neural nets inventing its own cryptographic album liver. And you'll see that in the papers I have sent to you that there will be a link to an article that deals with that. It's very interesting grade, absolutely fascinating, but perhaps worrying that very what's all morning? Teoh. Well, they're learning. They're learning to develop almost like human beings, and not better. That's creating album without any human intervention is absolutely Leo. So in terms off what actually artificial intelligence fears that have been with a lot of current technological developments on one of things I want to do is talk about what are you know what I mean about two Intelligence. What lawyer me by artificial intelligence. The 1st 1 is about with called Tax denies is these are processes which extract information will reply. A classification to fight with text based data was could include social media posting tweets, emails. Another technology may then be used to provide filtering full span under information extraction, for example, to pull out particular piece of data, such as names, addresses or even what's called sentiment and answers. That way I didn't have a read of parents, and just from what they are writing an example that would be anything post on Facebook. The text houses also at the heart of old, called Chapter Stops Technology Live contract on Social Media. I think what you're echo from Alison. We were relaxing when by these are the examples off chap pot speech analysis again, that's very similar. This is about processing. Taking wouldn't skills to allergies, detection, all doctrines but pliers spoken. And it is in this area that we see an incredible level off development on investment in education or personal digital higher systems. I said I Amazon Echo got myself with Tyler. Now you also got people toe devices well, which has recently been on the market. Awful it Siri. So those are the two types of announced are very similar, but it's not just isolated to go. Do you know there seemed like more of salt technological belts and I. There's also something called three D environment processing. This is where you have what's called on image data I'm radar. Amazing dates, just maybe having apartness drills that they're quite popular now force their discouragement, using it every day wise because it helps the complications with planes begun with you by the drying too high near near the strip one airports and such like. But the idea of three D environment processing is that it's It's an extension off on image processing on tanning studio skill, so most obviously translated into skills required by an algorithm in a C A. D, otherwise known as connected and autonomous vehicle. Took a drive, for example, and it's that used one to start location and driving a violin on this uses data but also potentially radar Naser data To understand three D geometrics. Typically, it is useful thing like your kindness drive but also roaming robot to buy. Since, for example, honesty level when you have some vehicles that use Teoh madhouse, sea floor ocean floor to find perhaps whether you choose mining fracking, it's used to backing. And so so those example. The day today, like where it is used gravity On a fundamental level, people do quite using drones to take photographs. So, of course it is called so that's just common. Also increasingly popular. Ah, or artificial intelligence. So what about data mining? And that's not really a what unusual term, but just to explain what that is. It is the process, after scoring patterns or extrapolating trends with data. So data mining algorithms are used for such thing. Does what for anomaly detection, So identifying example for your entries or transactions and then the other type of album called association Rules. This is way, detective to market perched inhabit by looking at a shop of typical shopping basket and then, of course, baptizing with your prediction while you were predicting a variable from the set of brothers Struck name. So the problem. Credit school. We also. Then how about called image processing? I'm talking image processing and tagging as a phrase. Jets requires algorithms to analyze images to get data of football transformation. So examples of this include for identification image tidying Facebook. Facebook could use to provide face recognition or to ask take other data visual scalp, such as health of an individual or occasional munition geo data. So that's happening. We've never in the NHS now in your GP practices. You'll see also that in your face. If you have all of these essay notes, you'll notice that Lincoln now wanted to your heart rate. And look, I don't have a so all right, how many steps you take? What color is your learning? What do you mean? He decided, But in from that, then understands crisis is the village of you are Do you'll have it? The word of caution that time and then advertising and so on on the rights of people searches Yahoo, Ask Jeeves. And so there is also called optical character recognition. This is where Albertans learn to read Hamlet attacks to convert. Don't consider digital versions began. A good example would be the s a note you could handwrite on the essay. No, with stylus. Then convert that into tax word processing. Tax Chinese stop. But unfortunately like mayhem, right and visit. Last thing. My straps that I think the thing comfortable cataract issues still need to adjust it slightly. Finance. Every time I tried it gets my words completely wrong or I just need to change my handwriting. But I think that's gone. So the final one is video game virtual environment processing. So this is where there are video games on basically a multi $1,000,000,000 tone ministry. But there are also key sound box of the Loosed for machines to interact with worm behaviors in relation to other elements of the fire playing, interacting with the players themselves on and obviously renouncing with the likes of Samsung, particularly that we are technology between technology, you are now starting to find his augmentation reality. Another example would be Pokemon hatching a hurricane. On this, you see it in front of you. You're actually so this is an attachment or rented reality as well, which is absolutely baffling. I want to watch waas. It could be put aside legal implications. It could lead people to misunderstand the ballot on may change that behavior in the matter of the winds of change. So that's a legal perspective. Now that we've identified what office intelligence is, what are the two key challenge? Well, the first is what's called the cause. Ality challenge on this is referred to the way in which traditional liable to questions off settled race, this is for the optician fault by application correlation principles. Well, it drives compensation whether it is tour shirts, contractual or Thio. More limits degree Consumer protection liability is this attribution that enables parties who are injured financially or physically to seek, redress or obtain compensation for such damage from CNN protections. Obviously strict liability by nature, you again need to establish the existence of Deepak massless. We you don't understand that fault attribution is driven by the mechanism of causation. If you can pinpoint a cause when you consign when you consign plane, whether it's establishment fruit with due to carry talked, a breach of express really turned a contract or establishment impact on consumer protection liability, need case, the fault or defect? Most, of course, the lives. So where does that leave my eye? Well, the problem with the II is that has increased in decisions that they take the calm or more leave any diet program because they are learning Hugh These that it's very difficult to determine. Where should I lie because you really hold Actually, robot come for any injury caused financial the ones too personal persons will company. That is the problem and how far not changing go to bring the programmer who did not Human being very started about closer So exists my friend what deals comfortably with traceable do fax machine decisions that trains were about defective programming or incorrect operation. But it does fall down where defects are frankly inexplicable, can be traced back to human error. So, you know, see regulates of trying to grapple with this on this is being confronted by the European Parliament Committee only just last January 1017 on that essentially what happened was a European Parliament committee leaving Bend is trying to decide how Carney regulate its ever changing area off launches Really not really quit this moment in time to deal with a whole scale monopoly. I want to be involved with any answers entirely. Individuals, companies, but the victim or victims of any fault. Why do they only uses? We need to know where they stand reports that it brings office The fact that there are insurance problems, what insurance is actually insure against just human error will come out to insure against a fireable artificial intelligence machine de bats and this is completely off. Please are not just better by human activity. And so that's what the European Parliament Committee on Legal there have been trying to dio. I had a meeting in January 2017 and they're trying to pack the court with insulation. Now. One of the solutions left have been proposed is to look at what we already have and then maybe trying that that Rahman start completely from scratch. So what do we have? Well, we have Rick. What's called a regulation e g. Age 16 International 69 of European Plant and Off the capital is called the General Data Protection Regulation. On this sets out legal framework attack personal data, whereas brother extracts of data access and protection personal data privacy might still need to be addressed, given that prayers you consumed might still arrive from applications appliances when it came to the mutual that I was with diets prices without here in the country. Developments in robotics of otters interns can I should be designed in such a way that they preserve dignity, autonomy, self termination off the individual especially feel human care manager. I'm contact medical prices. Repairing one hopes of human beings goes as European Commission found a serious of rules governing liability transpired. Suit comes beauty may have been useful with these rules card effects, the process of research and innovation Valentin Robotics would have to really have quite a find. But the problem bounds up. Your Ptolemy of robots raises the question of nature in the light of the Palestinian categories, or whether, in fact, the new cattle really should be creative, with specific features and implications. So they decided that they need to pay a definition off. Simon Physical Systems, Thomas Systems small. It'll turn those robots. I'm the register category. Now. You may be familiar with us. The mob's laws, but ask me office laws has been considered by the commission US one. That's your garden being directed immediately. Designers, producers and operates two robots created. My robot will sign with a built in autonomous learning, but those lost can't be converted into machine code. What I don't know. Well, the three laws of robotics, often shortened to have more laws or a set of rules that were designed by an author called Lack of Them, are in his 1942 short story. One around the Three Laws is close to being the handbook. Humber Robotics. I was a freakin believe one. A robot may not injure human being or through inaction on our human being, to call it a harm. Secondly, a robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders complex with first more and thirdly, a rape. What must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or the second North? So, yes, that would also digestion. It was all in the context, off a book in 1940 to get. But this could still reek of white someone standing in determining how far designs producers. Often it's very what's coming. So I suppose the next question is, How did you find Karabell? A robot is one of these, or Thomas, through services, on door exchanging data that's environment like into a physical activity on trading allies about data. It is also self learning from spirits interaction. There is limited physical support. We'd adopt the environment, but it is not life in a biological sense. So the commission was concerned because whilst they recognized that were off the trees, more intelligent vehicle increasingly involved with humans in the day today can their needs. I don't appreciate in the business will. How can they have done to regulates the use of off robots offish intelligence without potentially stunning innovation. Development off, well developed. A robot technology should focus its that I'm complimenting human capabilities and not on replacing them, because their last is essential in the departure of robotics and artificial intelligence to guarantee that here to have control or intelligent machines at all times. Is it a special attention to be paid to hospital balance of an emotional connection between humans and nobles particularly available? Great. So Children, other people, people, disappearances and they then hide, I said, the issues raised by serious emotional physical impact. But the emotion Tuchman done. How demons. There is also concerned about interoperability between systems, devices and cloud services based on security. Privacy by design, which is essential for real time data uploads and neighboring robots, not Russian. The targets to become more flexible. Never let the commission emphasised the need to promote on open environment on from agents down. It's a primitive writers and models to open that forms on transparency. You know, little boy knockin you graduate systems that retain will restrain into operability. So what a family I'm, he writes. Well, where was your style like heroes? Reality is, there are just no legal provision that specifically of my robotics, but it is possible to look that exist in equal regimes. Doctrines are coming readily or trying to rebuilt it, although it's almost backs appear to call for special consideration. So examples include the free movement of data. The free movement of data is paramount to digital economy into bottles of robotics in air sector. But it's important that high level off security reported systems, including our internal data systems data, is the doctor. I just crucial to be perfect use of robots in ultra Taj. Another specific consideration is about the protection off networks off interconnected robots in ultra tone and tighten, making sure that there are no security breaches at between words interconnected your robots and artificial intelligence birthday. That must be a high level of security protection of personal data. Together with the regard pregnancy communication between human robot now especially total on forcefully, it should be responsibility of designers, off robotics and artificial intelligence to develop products, say, secure this or packers. That isn't what else Waas reviews by the commission, and then I had to turn. It's hard to determine in what could be done about strict liability system. Well, this can be achieved violence called All Isis informant on a certification agency. What this means is you pay and Levy to release the device of here. Market on this would be certified by agencies, perhaps optical schuringa registries. That is not my phrase. I credit Garvey Technology Law Journal 1996 Buying 11.1 that uses that grades in our four deniability. Distributes doctors, Detergents No date. 1996. It's clearly being a woman in there. Well, the issue of illegal industry. So the idea of agencies monitoring levies licence in all products by ritual meaning Office of Intelligence products. Robotics onto the market should be dealt with by agencies have called touring registries, but it's not an anti new idea. This'd something that has Bean looked at before in museum the capital when it looked tats, personal injury falls off it in the accident. Compensation after 92 I don't live in isn't unusual, but, of course, how do you actually regular down? What would be the day? Well, the most sophisticated machine, the high of 11 on the levee done can be used to come safe, and that's the idea that's the purpose behind it. So what about the UK So you can be damaging to address A. I? Well, I have been training. Most recently, UK concluded a consultation on driver's car called Pathway to Driving Cause Proposals to support France Driver Systems Systems, one Automated Vehicle Technologies and that this led to what's called the Autonomous Electric Vehicles Bill, which may marry the tax the bill before before it which fails. Use the coin of the 2000 election. There was a bill on the table called the Big Technology in Aviation Bill. We don't have the exact wording yet are being autonomous. Electric vehicles Bill were concerned to look at the previous legislation, but what are the repairs is then, not legislation. What person? The UK sending contact driver's cars. He's looking not adopting a street library to read. It's that the absence is rather more pragmatic. 20 years I it has chosen. It starts with dress, for example, the issue of drivers cars from the perspective of gaps in the court insurance coverage. Who would like for the autonomous trying honestly isn't pregnant response. I probably work and violent where there is a mix of drivers calls and you impossible. It also avoids Mr Stomach Change to the insurance industry, but it does kind of sliced up the causation. She prepares measures for lying very much on the ability off insurance to Super Gate and therefore bring claims of their own against other third parties. Cream manufactory. But that is hugely problematic. Fishery is the relevant well, it'll be easy to train Section two off the vehicle. Technology and aviation, billed as it was drafted, said this well, absolutely caused by alternated vehicle when driving itself that there was insured tired, the Anderson at an insured person or any other person. Soft damage. As a result of the accident, insure is liable for the damage lessons. Principal trying in the bill was that if you are hit by insured, how did they call that its self driving time? Be sure that's fault. Hes out. You have comprehensive coma, then you will also be toward your injury. But the vehicle apart is not Corbett by insurance, then the insurance of Europe. You're my big willpower into away and see it recovered its losses from D. I know off the would ensure Yeah, it's likely that this just come from the previous buildup before Parliament, thousands of before Childs onto German action like that. This would be an idea, a concept transferred over until Thomas Electric difference, which is before this parliament. So you are looking at rather more pragmatic stock approach, really in UK, nor, but it is still avoiding spectral causation. It's going to be a problem that will still need to be addressed on. Lawyers are constantly Scripture. Have to help you get around this is it right that lovely is the most appropriate waves of leaderboard and still a doctor. Strict liability approach. Perhaps it is. But is that not just a bit too much of a Big Brothers Day? Is it not too much involved by Gelman in the natural course of business in the colony? Nice to be saying that at the moment it will depend at this government in this Parliament on team said. In complex of dramas, Card just looked at your insurance point of view, effectively linked to ensure door as being their responsibility. Guards were library slash money factor. That's the first big charge. The rust, but not least, is the information data charge. Now this is involving a patch to things, but it's about industry trying to capsize. That's not data on inject don't have been generated by smart devices, and then across the concepts of streams, day through as well. I was essentially the first way which they capsized on that data is, is through those smart devices. So, for example, you may have noticed a new lead Roberts, with the act waiting on the DeGraff, one will try, and it tells you how good your drawing, just like more. Now it's hard to help with your dryness and then determines what insurance cover to give you, based on what you speak to you like not stop. Start too much, whether or not unusual car, you know, where you leaving crimes and GPS and so on. It's unbelievable the amount of days they'll get just in that one of the line, and that is called Stream. My way of data from smart devices must just in war time. A. I imagine you drive this car is going to going to step further because it might be that only such people could drive guys conferences of areas in a certain industry that remains to be seen. Do we don't need to have a driving licence. If so, what does I corporate include? How old should you be? The second thing is, while the availability of what's called Predictive Analytics models Brown, whose intelligence transforms the way businesses Costa and it does have potential to create serious issues in relation to privacy recalls. Whilst these technologies are being used to load coughs and provide greater competition in industries insurance, there is a risk that people Bacall, they screed. It'll take insurance, finance markets. Example. Through withdrawal, maybe a insurance or finance Teoh. Why didn't draw it from May? I don't understand, and then you bring us to call. The data are completely all the while that happened. But it's happening right now. This is why I always really keen to try my credit small because it is reaching potential data protection. How far can you stretch the rules on how I could say that still down to live in it in any way? You that's responsible is that dates done? Anything wrong happens is that the company you actually wants to have that water bottle to intelligence or is actually the manufacture of the actual or package if you like. It is a device. Is it? Is it people create? Yeah, application of declines. Is it the people who are supporting the how far you go? So even a small, streaming, smart streaming data house? Obviously cool intention off. Various regulators, including European Commission European Commission, quite recently published a paper which has seen much to the night or stressed you on corporate of intelligent transport systems for the European Commission. What this does is it sets out the approach developing standardize entire to transport infrastructure alive. They want to be according to with sexually active management systems and or how many uses. But it is troubling how much this data can then be misused in this 100 so example, not any court I see. I see a days a couple wearing I don't flying journey, fascination to take drugs that I want you to do. Delivery started at night, don't you? That's an example that identified journey destination, But it also report, for example, driving habits and identify any traffic offenses. Anybody. It's also the other thing that that could be done, and it's quite troubling that that drain or driver's car and communicating another vehicle, then Ki kits that dates back well to to their own insurance could get in that munitions. That particular driving that vehicle it is. It's a hole where connections that would just be coming possible to figuring unless we stepped down now before that. But the impact of data and use that data is the money, which it then, if it is used in offering, was up insurance to the usual verbal way to like, still called on the road. The argument posit this, but the driving his car. We've got dates, run, non automated car that is being driven, you poor buying arms registration thing. That's person trapped in his car, not very with driver that even people who don't want to sign up to these alternative vehicles and artists. Insurgents. What you mean tradition More bit worried that's acknowledging its development. Well, you might slip up in the league anyway, you know, and that's a sad reality. The party doctor value of new commission has been to effectively identify that data personal data because by doing so, it was a convention for the protection of European Data Protection framework in the Commission of Stateless and report the protection off personal data and privacies turning factor. Successful deployment of cooperative the next movement of vehicles. He's must have the assurance that personal data on not a commodity and that they can actually control how what? Perhaps that they just do you, so that's streaming. But how is that different to what's called predicted? An answer? Well, predictive analysis can have the effect of being highly influential on the certainly insurance industry. I was There is the impact on jobs as well on. So the technology is developed in such a way that there will be a price for any opinions, but it s simply not still with insurance is the main example insurance model risk by where concept cooling insurance put larger groups of similar people together. I used to come rest model, and then from that. They would then decide actually what cream should pay and then uses creams to fund common. So as long as calm remains liquid. But assistant companies were so protective in Oz descriptions by work up, giving insures more detail about individuals. I'm associates risks because I do so. Love was called risk pricing and am using its full Broderick's together by age or by prosperity or by taxi or on the speed of the crunchiness of a car towards alcohol and looking a card on it is just one example that company to risk behaviors dry, no insurance pricing and safe behaviors. Learning so even more serious, though, is the impact of war can stylistics on genetic data, which might model susceptibility to genetic disease and then impact the price in verbal, it'd life insurance. So, like I said before coming, Radius came out, fresh intelligence, you know, escape the way your data is being used in the future. I don't think you can, even if you don't consent. I'm sure there are ways and means in ritual dates will be used without real knowledge, and it might be that this inaudible. But that's probably more talking, So bring it in the ground. The idea off predicted finances data smart dates when using. That's what data is apparently to protect customers and bring down prices. But realistically, it's like having another big brother states on its monitoring that that's going to be difficult. And, of course, there is the causation element. It might be that the data picked up isn't entirely correct. You're offered insurance, which is very good as a driver on then. You're just one of those people who just keep having crashes on one day. Actually called you did your fault that that there is insurance? Courtney feels like it's not going up probable the case If someone decides from the case against them but not given suspicion cover. Is it really that fault? Or is it that they rely too much on data? I was a way of determining what about insurance should have, shouldn't be. And then it just in case it is the data that is governing from application. Is it? Then finished. You could behind the algorithms. You should be held responsible. Or should it be the Dick Myers is a difficult one to call, and that's why strict liability approach is. Perhaps I can be the best approach that European Commission has so far considered. I'm not so sure when they're not just looking. The gap insurance is good for you. You can't just what they want, don't. But it's not just applicable in the car industry is applicable to running a street value of our nation's even operates the business. You have to have a degree of issue groups. What was Corbyn? Whatever it is you do. So this isn't just ice on an isolated issue, but I use the car industry. Just because it is is something that affects everybody. And it's just something that it's better to be on the agenda, not over the next part. Thank you. If you do, you have any questions off back seven. I know it's quite a weapon on, I know quite a long one, but there are quite on issues to cover. It is quite a bit of breaking down in such a short time frame, But if you do want to put me any question, why I'm happy, Teoh Justice. Further If you do want to, maybe take a look at what the commission is. Saddened Charles in 17 Johnny. That might give you an idea of the way certain your there's a And if you want to try and look at the previous draft of the bill before Parliament election about, people simply do. But otherwise just drop me now, they told me, happy to assist. I'm sure we will see that you'll see for them. The girls on the papers got hold of me. Thanks very much for your kind that you have not being beneficial. Do try to absolute violation questions. They all very helpful. Thank you.